UGC NET Dec 2013 Management paper III solved

1. Match the items of List – I with those of List – II and give the correct code from the 
following :

List – I                                                                                         List – II

a. Sales Maximisation Model                                          i. John Williamson
b. Managerial Discretion Model                                     ii. R.M. Cyert and J.G. March
c. Integrative Model                                                        iii. William J. Baumol
d. Behavioural Model                                                      iv. Oliver Williamson

Codes :

        a    b     c    d
 (A) ii    iii   iv    i
 (B) iii   iv    i     ii
 (C) i     ii    iii    iv
 (D) iv   i     ii     iii

Answer B

2. Match the items of the following two lists and give the correct code for the following :

       List – I                                                                                    List – II

a. Scale of Preferences                                                           i. Indifference Curves
b. Inadequate Explanation of Giffen Goods                         ii. Ordinal Utility
c. Curves always slope negatively                                       iii. Demand Curves
d. Inseparation of Income and Substitution effects              iv. Marshallian Utility Analysis

Codes :

        a     b     c     d
 (A) ii     i     iii    iv
 (B) i     iii    iv     ii
 (C) ii    iv     i     iii
 (D) iii   ii     iv     i

Answer C

3. Cost-plus pricing is not suitable for

 (A) Monopoly Pricing
 (B) Product Tailoring
 (C) Refusal Pricing
 (D) Monopsony Pricing

Answer A

4. Indicate the correct code matching the items of List – I with those in List – II as follows :

              List – I                                                                                     List – II

a. Resorting to New Technology                                      i. Cost reduction through output expansion
b. Excess Capacity of the Plant                                        ii. Constant cost despite output expansion
c. Employees’ Training Centres                                      iii. Internal Economies
d. Reserve Capacity of the Plant                                      iv. External Economies

Codes :

       a      b      c      d
 (A) i     iii     ii      iv
 (B) iii    i      iv      ii
 (C) iv    ii      i      iii
 (D) ii    iv    iii      i

Answer B

5. In a mixed economy, the central problems are solved through which of following ?

 (A) Price mechanism
 (B) Regulated market mechanism
 (C) Market mechanism and economic planning
 (D) Economic planning and control

Answer C

6. Indicate the correct code matching the items in List – I with those in List – II as follows :

          List – I                                                                                    List – II

a. Excess of aggregate investment over                            i. Stability of National Income
aggregate savings, at full employment level
b. Equality of aggregate income                                       ii. Recessionary gap                  
and savings
c. Comparatively greater decrease in                               iii. Multiplier effect
income following a decrease in investment
d. Aggregate expenditure being less than                        iv. Inflationary gap
national income at full employment level

Codes :

       a     b     c      d
(A) ii     iv     i     iii
(B) iv     i     iii     ii
(C) iii    ii     iv     i
(D) i     iii     ii     iv

Answer B

7. The study of gestures and body postures for their impact on communication is known as :

(A) Kinesics
(B) Proximics
(C) Semantics
(D) Informal channels

Answer A

8. Which of the following deals with “what, why, when and how” tasks to be performed ?

(A) Job Analysis
(B) Job Description
(C) Job Specification
(D) Job Enrichment

Answer B

9. According to Henry Mintberg, managers perform three roles. Indicate the one role which is not among them.

(A) Decisional
(B) Informational
(C) Interpersonal
(D) Supervisory

Answer D

10. The Ringlemann effect describes

(A) the tendency of groups to make risky decisions
(B) social loafing
(C) social facilitation
(D) the satisfaction of members’ social needs

UGC NET Management June 2013 solved paper 1

SET - X

1. Choose the proper alternative given in the codes to replace the question mark.
    Bee – Honey, Cow – Milk, Teacher – ?

(A) Intelligence
(B) Marks
(C) Lessons
(D) Wisdom

Answer D

2. P is the father of R and S is the son of Q and T is the brother of P. If R is the sister of S, how is Q related to T ?

(A) Wife
(B) Sister-in-law
(C) Brother-in-law
(D) Daughter-in-law

Answer B

3. A definition put forward to resolve a dispute by influencing attitudes or stirring emotions is called

(A) Lexical
(B) Persuasive
(C) Stipulative
(D) Precisions

Answer B

4. Which of the codes given below contains only the correct statements ?

Statements :
(i) Venn diagram is a clear method of notation.
(ii) Venn diagram is the most direct method of testing the validity of categorical syllogisms.
(iii) In Venn diagram method the premises and the conclusion of a categorical syllogism is diagrammed.
(iv) In Venn diagram method the three overlapping circles are drawn for testing a categorical syllogism.

Codes :

(A) (i), (ii) & (iii)
(B) (i), (ii) & (iv)
(C) (ii), (iii) & (iv)
(D) (i), (iii) & (iv)

Answer B

5. Inductive reasoning presupposes

(A) unity in human nature
(B) integrity in human nature
(C) uniformity in human nature
(D) harmony in human nature

Answer C

Read the table below and based on this table answer questions from 6 to 11 : 

Area under Major Horticulture Crops (in lakh hectares)

Year	Fruits	Vegetables	Flowers	Total Horticulture Area
2005-06	53	72	1	187
2006-07	56	75	1	194
2007-08	58	78	2	202
2008-09	61	79	2	207
2009-10	63	79	2	209

6. Which of the following two years have recorded the highest rate of increase in area under the total horticulture ?

(A) 2005–06 & 2006–07
(B) 2006–07 & 2008–09
(C) 2007–08 & 2008–09
(D) 2006–07 & 2007–08

Answer D

7. Shares of the area under flowers, vegetables and fruits in the area under total horticulture are respectively :

(A) 1, 38 and 30 percent
(B) 30, 38 and 1 percent
(C) 38, 30 and 1 percent
(D) 35, 36 and 2 percent

Answer A

8. Which of the following has recorded the highest rate of increase in area during 2005-06 to 
2009-10 ?

(A) Fruits
(B) Vegetables
(C) Flowers
(D) Total horticulture

Answer C

9. Find out the horticultural crop that has recorded an increase of area by around 10 percent from 2005-06 to 2009-10

(A) Fruits
(B) Vegetables
(C) Flowers
(D) Total horticulture

Answer B

10. What has been the share of area under fruits, vegetables and flowers in the area under total horticulture in 2007- 08 ?

(A) 53 percent
(B) 68 percent
(C) 79 percent
(D) 100 percent

UGC NET Management June 2014 solved paper I

This paper contains 60 questions out of which 50 are to be attempted. If more than 50 questions are answered then first 50 answers will be examined. Each question contains 2 marks each.

SET - W

1. Break-down in verbal communication is described as

(A) Short circuit

(B) Contradiction

(C) Unevenness

(D) Entropy

Answer D

2. The Telephone Model of Communication was first developed in the area of

(A) Technological theory

(B) Dispersion theory

(C) Minimal effects theory

(D) Information theory

Answer D

3. The Dada Saheb Phalke Award for 2013 has been conferred on

(A) Karan Johar

(B) Amir Khan

(C) Asha Bhonsle

(D) Gulzar

Answer D

4. Photographs are not easy to

(A) Publish

(B) Secure

(C) Decode

(D) Change

Answer C

5. The grains that appear on a television set when operated are also referred to as

(A) sparks

(B) green dots

(C) snow

(D) rain drops

Answer C

6. In circular communication, the encoder becomes a decoder when there is

(A) noise

(B) audience

(C) criticality

(D) feedback

Answer D

7. In a post-office, stamps of three different denominations of Rs. 7, Rs. 8, Rs. 10 are available. The exact amount for which one cannot buy stamps is

(A) 19

(B) 20

(C) 23

(D) 29

Answer A

8. In certain coding method, the word QUESTION is encoded as DOMESTIC. In this coding, what is the code word for the word RESPONSE?

(A) OMESUCEM

(B) OMESICSM

(C) OMESICEM

(D) OMESISCM

Answer C

9. If the series 4, 5, 8, 13, 14, 17, 22, .... is continued in the same pattern, which one of the
    following is not a term of this series?

(A) 31

(B) 32

(C) 33

(D) 35

Answer C

10. Complete the series BB, FE, II, ML, PP, ........... by choosing one of the following option given:

(A) TS

(B) ST

(C) RS

(D) SR

UGC NET Management June 2014 Paper III solved

 1. In case a decrease in price of a commodity results in an increase in its demand on a negatively sloping demand curve, it is called

(A) An increase in demand

(B) An increase in quantity demanded

(C) Law of demand

(D) Any of the above

Answer B

2. Production function is not based on the assumption of the

(A) Substitutability of inputs

(B) Complementarity of inputs

(C) Marketability of products

(D) Specificity of inputs

Answer C

3. Match the items of the following two lists and indicate the correct code :

       List – I                                                                     List – II

a. Trade channel discounts                                        i. Oligopoly pricing

b. Tie-up sales                                                           ii. Locational price differentials

c. Price being nonresponsive to changes in              iii. Differential pricing

    demand costs

d. Basing-point pricing                                               iv. Product-line pricing

  Codes :

        a         b        c        d

(A)   iv         ii        iii         i

(B)   iii         iv        i         ii

(C)   ii          i         iv       iii

(D)    I         iii        ii        iv

Answer B

4. Indicate the correct code matching the items in List – I with those in List – II as follows :

         List – I                                                                                    List – II

a. Competitive parity in advertising                         i. Variations in advertising

b. Promotional elasticity of product                         ii. Advertising scheduling

c. Optimal promotion mix                                        iii. Advertising expenditure

d. Pulsing advertising                                              iv. Marginal equivalence of dvertising                                 

                                                                                     media outlay

Codes :

                                                                                         

        a       b       c       d

(A)   ii       iii        i       iv

(B)   iii       i        iv       ii

(C)   i       iv        ii       iii

(D)   iv      ii        iii       i

Answer B

5. Macroeconomics basically concerns with which of following in an economy?

(A) Industry, Trade and Commerce

(B) Agriculture, Industry & Trade

(C) Employment, Inflation & Growth

(D) Population, Income and Economic Planning

Answer C

6. The competition commission of India has no rule in regulating which of the following?

(A) Restrictive Trade Agreements

(B) Abuse of Market Power

(C) Unfair Trade Practices

(D) Mergers and Acquisitions

Answer C

7. The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate and support other people, both individually and in groups, defines which of the following management skills?

(A) Hard Skills

(B) Soft Skills

(C) Conceptual Skills

(D) Political Skills

Answer B

8. As __________, managers receive a wide variety of information and serve as the nerve centers of internal and external information of the organization.

(A) Leaders

(B) Monitors

(C) Distribution handlers

(D) Resource allocators

Answer B

9. Which one is the correct combination?

(A) Theory of Conditioning – Bernara

(B) Operant Conditioning Theory – B.F. Skinner

(C) Stimulus Response Theory – Hoodman

(D) Theory of Associates – Marshall

Answer B

10. Match the following:

           List – I                                                                      List – II

a. Evaluative statements or judgments                       i. Attitudes

    concerning objects, people or events

b. The opinion or belief segment of                            ii. Cognitive Component

    an attitude

c. The emotional or feeling segment                          iii. Affective Component

    of an attitude

d. An intention to behave in a certain way                 iv. Behavioural component

    towards someone or something

Codes :

         a        b        c        d

(A)    i         ii         iii        iv

(B)    iv       iii         ii         i

(C)    iv       ii         iii        i

(D)    i        iii         ii         iv

Answer A

11. As per Rorsach value survey, which of the following is not an instrumental value?

(A) Ambitious

(B) Imagination

(C) Wise

(D) Capable

Answer C

12. When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which

      he or she belongs, we are using the shortcut, called ________

(A) Selective Perceptive

(B) Halo effect

(C) Contrast effect

(D) Stereotyping

Answer D

13. Performance = f (m, a, e). In this expression ‘e’ stands for

(A) Efficiency

(B) Effectiveness

(C) Environment

(D) Entrepreneurship

Answer C

14. Selecting a representative sample of jobs, preparing job descriptions for

      them, comparing them on the basis of the information in the job descriptions

      and placing them in order of their perceived importance represents which of

      the following job evaluation methods?

(A) Job grading method

(B) Job ranking method

(C) Points rating method

(D) Guide chart method

Answer B

15. Match the following:

          List – I                                                                      List – II

a. A pay plan in which most employees are                i. Elitest pay system

    part of the same compensation system.

b. A pay plan in which different compensation            ii. Skill based pay

    systems are established for employees or

    groups at different organizational levels.

c. A pay system in which employees are                    iii. Egalitarian pay system

    paid on the basis of the jobs they can do.         

d. The perceived fairness of the pay structure            iv. Internal equity

     within a firm.

Codes :

        a        b        c        d

(A)    i        ii         iii       iv

(B)   iii        i         ii        iv

(C)    i        iii        ii        iv

(D)   iii       ii          i        iv

UGC NET June 2014 Management paper II solved

1. In case the price (P), quantity (Q), and changes (D) are represented by respective symbols given in the brackets, the price elasticity of demand (Ed) is measured by

(A) Ed = DQ/DP
(B) Ed = (DQ/Q)/(DP/P)
(C) Ed = DP/DQ
(D) Ed = (DP/P)/(DQ/Q)

Answer B

2. Law of Diminishing Return applies when the gaps among the successive ‘multiple-level of output’ isoquants

(A) decreases
(B) remains constant
(C) increases
(D) remains irregular

Answer C

3. In case the demand elasticity under imperfect competition is unity, the marginal revenue will be

(A) more than utility, but less than infinity.
(B) equal to unity.
(C) less than unity, but more than zero.
(D) equal to zero.

Answer D

4. Rise in general price level alongwith declining output in the economy is called

(A) Inflation
(B) Deflation
(C) Stagflation
(D) Demand-pull inflation

Answer C

5. National income equilibrium is not at the level where

(A) aggregate investment equals aggregate savings
(B) aggregate expenditure equals aggregate income
(C) inflationary and deflationary gaps are absent
(D) aggregate consumption is constant

Answer D

6. Which of the following is a correct match ?

(A) McClelland – ERG Theory
(B) Skinner – Reinforcement Theory
(C) Vroom – Equity Theory
(D) Locke – Expectancy Theory

Answer B


7. The study of gestures and body postures for their impact on communication is known as

(A) Kinesics
(B) Proxemics
(C) Semantics
(D) None of the above

Marketing - Role and Relevance of Segmentation and Positioning

Market Segmentation

Market segmentation is the process of dividing the whole market into different segments to identify the smaller markets that exists with in a larger market. A consumer market is the sum of consumer who vary in their characteristics and buying behaviour.

"It is the process of dividing the heterogeneous market for any product into different segments of relatively homogeneous markets."

According to Philip Kotler "Market segmentation is the sub-dividing of a market into homogeneous sub-sect of customers where any sub-sect may conceivably be selected as a market target to be reached within a distinct marketing mix."

Bases of Segmentation

1. Geographic segmentation: Segmentation on the basis of geographical units such as nations, regions, states, etc.

2. Demographic segmentation: Segmentation on the basis of age, sex, income, family size, expenditure patterns, education, etc.

3. Psychographic segmentation: Segmentation on the basis of lifestyle, personality traits, social class, etc.

4. Behavioural segmentation: Segmentation on the basis of consumers buying behaviour such as consumers' usage rate, usage type, benefits sought from the product, brand loyalty, usage occasions, etc.

Properties of an effective segment

1. Distinguishable
2. Measurable
3. Accessible
4. Servable
5. Growing
6. Profitable
7. Appropriate size

Advantages of Market Segmentation

1. Focusing target market: It helps a marketer in targeting a particular market to which it can focus to sell its products. Like McDonalds targets college students or similar people for its "aloo tikki" burger who would like to spend less while eating out.

2. Market expansion: Marketer by way of market segmentation gets to know the needs of the customers better. Therefore they are able to introduce new innovative products which already has acceptance in the same market segment. Like Rekitt Benckiser company which deals mainly in home care, personal care, fabric care, etc segments introduced vanish shakti O2 in indian markets targeting people who were looking for some product especially for removing stains effectively.

3. Reducing risk: It helps in reducing the risk of time and money by marketing the right product to the right customer.

4. Increasing efficiency: Segmentation helps in increasing efficiency by making more focused efforts to the most profitable segments suited for a particular product.

Target Marketing

Target marketing is focusing one's marketing efforts to one or more selected market segments. It involves developing separate marketing mixes for each segment that is selected as target market.

Target market selection

In evaluating different market segments two factors are to considered:

1. The segment's overall attractiveness and 

2. The company's objectives and resources

Lets assume Ms as market and Ps as products.

1. Single segment concentration
In single segment concentration a firm focuses one product for one market segment only and it helps it to establish a strong market presence for that product.

	M1	M2	M3
P1
P2
P3

2. Selective specialisation
In selective specialisation a firm focuses different products for different markets. Like HUL offers different kind of products to different market segments.

	M1	M2	M3
P1
P2
P3

3. Product specialisation
In product specialisation the firm sells a particular product to the different segments of  the market. Like Colgate offers tooth pastes to different segments, it offers different tooth pastes for kids, youngsters, for people having sensitive teeth, etc.

	M1	M2	M3
P1
P2
P3

4. Market specialisation
In market specialisation the firm offers different products to the same market. Like again Colgate offers toothpastes, tooth brushes, mouth washes, etc for oral care market.

	M1	M2	M3
P1
P2
P3

5. Full market coverage

In this case the firm offers all the products to all the market segments. Like Maruti offers cars for almost all the segments of the market.

	M1	M2	M3
P1
P2
P3

Product Positioning

UGC NET Dec 2013 Management paper II solved

1. The Marshallian utility analysis is based on a less valid assumption of
(a) cardial measurement of utility
(b) constant marginal utility of money
(c) diminishing marginal utility of goods
(d) additivity of the utility

Answer b

Marshall's assumption of constant marginal utility of money is impractical. Sundaramponnusamy gives clarification on this click here to read

2. An appropriate pricing strategy for a new product to be introduced in the market will be
(a) Average/Marginal cost-plus pricing
(b) Skimming/Penetrating pricing
(c) Product line pricing
(d) Differential pricing

Answer b

Skimming pricing is setting high price for new products to gain maximum revenue by low sales volume and penetrating pricing is setting low price for new product to attract maximum customers and to gain revenue by high sales volume. click here to know more

3. Economic capacity of a plant represents the firm's capability for
(a) Maximum physical output
(b) Maximum marginal output
(c) Break even level of output and sale
(d) Output that equates average and marginal costs

Answer d

4. Multi stage approach to product pricing in a firm involves considerations for setting the price as follows:
i. Selection of firm's objective
ii. Composition of marketing mix
iii. Selection of target market
iv. Selection of pricing policy and strategy
Indicate incorrect sequence:
Codes:
(a) iv , ii, i, iii
(b) iii, i, ii, iv
(c) ii, iv, iii, i
(d) i, iii, ii, iv

Answer b

5. Which one of the following practices is not sought to be regulated under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986?
(a) Sales of defective goods
(b) Supply of services having some deficiency
(c) Misleading advertiesments
(d) Goods supplied free of charge

Answer d

6. The leadership prototype
(a) is useful primarily for selection and training of employees
(b) uses LPC (Least preferred Co-worker) as an important component
(c) depicts the image of a model leader
(d) emphasises leadership development

Answer c

7. Which is not a perceptual process stage?
(a) Attention/selection
(b) Interpretation
(c) Follow-through
(d) Retrieval

Answer a

8. Which statement is correct?
(a) Goals act as the set of constraints that an organisation must satisfy
(b) Deterministic goals specify the end or direction towards which the organisation applies its efforts, and they can be fairly determined
(c) Goals may be categorised as deterministic and constraint goals
(d) All of the above

Answer d

9. According to Fiedler's Contingency Model of Leadership, which one of the following is not a situational variable?
(a) Leader-Member relations
(b) Task structure
(c) Position power
(d) Maturity of followers

Answer d

10. Which is not a centralised communication network system?
(a) Wheel Network
(b) Y - shaped Network
(c) Circle Network
(d) Chain Network

Answer c

11. Why is 'procedural justice' important in the context of the management of mis conduct?
(a) It reflects on the integrity of HR professionals
(b) It ensures that individuals have a sense that they have been treated fairly.
(c) It reflect on the values and attitudes of top management.
(d) It protects the interest of daily wage earners.

Answers b

12. To be effective a points based rating system requires
(a) Close management control
(b) Comprehensive, reliable and consistent information
(c) Objectivity in assessments
(d) 360 degree assessment

Answer b

13. Too much of reliance on internal recruitment can result in
(a) Reduced job performance
(b) High labour turnover
(c) Internal conflict
(d) Poor group dynamics